作主语补足语的名词性从句通常由that引导,用于补充说明主语的状态、特征或行为。这类从句在语法结构中相当于名词,位于系动词之后、表语之前。以下是具体说明:
一、基本结构
主句:
谓语动词 + 表语
主语补足语从句:
引导词that + 从句(含主语+谓语)
例如:
The problem is whatwe can do.
The meeting was attended by whowas present.
The task remains unaccomplished
二、引导词特点
that:
最常用引导词,可省略且无实际意义
特殊引导词:
- whether(常与if互换,表示“是否”)
- if(多用于条件句,引导主语从句时需置于句首)
- what(引导主语从句时需在从句中作成分,如主语、宾语等)
三、注意事项
that从句可省略:
当从句结构完整且主语与主句主语一致时,that可省略
例:
- The book is whatI wanted.
- The movie was whodirected it.
主谓一致:
- 主语补足语从句的谓语动词数与从句主语保持一致
- 若从句主语为单数(如a letter, the problem),主句谓语用单数形式
- 若从句主语为复数(如the students, what we discussed),主句谓语用复数形式
四、扩展应用
主语补足语从句可进一步嵌套其他从句,例如:
The reason whythe meeting was postponed is thatthe CEO was unavailable
The project's success depends onwhether the team can meet the deadline
通过以上分析,主语补足语从句在英语中具有灵活的构造方式,需结合具体语境选择引导词并注意主谓一致规则。